From: Bridge jobs in Europe
Variables | All countries. Gradual retirement | All countries. Permanent retirement | North/Central. Gradual retirement | North/Central. Permanent retirement | Mediterranean. Gradual retirement | Mediterranean. Permanent retirement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z | 0.945 | 0.784*** | 1.548** | 0.845 | 0.959 | 0.860*** |
 | [0.077] | [0.028] | [0.313] | [0.092] | [0.109] | [0.046] |
Employment protection index | 0.843 | 0.935 | 0.286** | 0.854 | 0.522 | 1.355* |
 | [0.275] | [0.156] | [0.164] | [0.397] | [0.219] | [0.224] |
Macro controls | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Log real GDP per capita | 0.593 | 9.450* | 0.001** | 0.945 | 8.716 | 16.068* |
 | [1.444] | [11.153] | [0.002] | [2.738] | [43.579] | [24.310] |
Unemployment rate | 0.952 | 1.078** | 0.973 | 1.091 | 0.814 | 1.065 |
 | [0.069] | [0.037] | [0.105] | [0.077] | [0.110] | [0.061] |
Life expectation at 50 | 1.064 | 0.990 | 1.353 | 0.866 | 0.653 | 1.307* |
 | [0.274] | [0.149] | [0.439] | [0.199] | [0.290] | [0.209] |
Individual controls | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Years of schooling | 1.022 | 0.959*** | 1.027 | 0.959*** | 1.014 | 0.953*** |
 | [0.022] | [0.007] | [0.027] | [0.013] | [0.036] | [0.009] |
Marital status | 0.886 | 0.900 | 0.739 | 0.935 | 2.247 | 0.789 |
 | [0.222] | [0.109] | [0.204] | [0.144] | [1.203] | [0.202] |
Has children | 1.520 | 0.807* | 1.719* | 0.772 | 0.854 | 0.959 |
 | [0.440] | [0.100] | [0.538] | [0.122] | [0.510] | [0.230] |
Was ill at 50 | 0.958 | 1.611** | 1.033 | 2.129*** | 0.914 | 1.016 |
 | [0.341] | [0.313] | [0.418] | [0.509] | [0.661] | [0.335] |
Was stressed at 50 | 1.481* | 1.397*** | 1.473 | 1.354** | 1.886* | 1.580* |
 | [0.321] | [0.172] | [0.396] | [0.203] | [0.725] | [0.399] |
Was in poor health at 50 | 1.079 | 1.293* | 1.236 | 1.395** | 0.567 | 1.235 |
 | [0.343] | [0.179] | [0.425] | [0.219] | [0.606] | [0.389] |
Was in financial distress at 50 | 1.341 | 0.920 | 0.779 | 0.881 | 2.884** | 0.855 |
 | [0.407] | [0.166] | [0.344] | [0.229] | [1.468] | [0.229] |
Lived in rural area at 50 | 0.788 | 0.952 | 0.799 | 0.957 | 0.819 | 0.968 |
 | [0.135] | [0.079] | [0.163] | [0.097] | [0.237] | [0.142] |
Job in services at 50 | 0.681* | 0.993 | 0.763 | 1.262** | 0.523* | 0.815 |
 | [0.136] | [0.086] | [0.179] | [0.145] | [0.190] | [0.103] |
Blue collar job at 50 | 0.867 | 1.060 | 0.807 | 1.199 | 0.923 | 0.962 |
 | [0.172] | [0.079] | [0.219] | [0.141] | [0.316] | [0.097] |
Civil servant job at 50 | 0.839 | 1.314** | 0.859 | 1.485*** | 0.333 | 0.964 |
 | [0.241] | [0.148] | [0.265] | [0.207] | [0.342] | [0.208] |
Self-employed at 50 | 0.907 | 0.328*** | 0.800 | 0.412*** | 1.061 | 0.284*** |
 | [0.169] | [0.039] | [0.191] | [0.080] | [0.318] | [0.044] |
Work experience at 50 | 0.992* | 0.996** | 0.994 | 1.000 | 0.989* | 0.992*** |
 | [0.004] | [0.002] | [0.005] | [0.003] | [0.006] | [0.002] |
Had few books in the house at 10 | 1.097 | 1.177 | 1.121 | 1.188 | 0.995 | 1.049 |
 | [0.231] | [0.124] | [0.261] | [0.150] | [0.493] | [0.198] |
Age | 1.106 | 0.500** | 6.413* | 0.509 | 1.353 | 0.970 |
 | [0.722] | [0.147] | [6.673] | [0.332] | [1.038] | [0.447] |
Age squared | 0.999 | 1.007*** | 0.988 | 1.008 | 0.996 | 1.001 |
 | [0.005] | [0.003] | [0.008] | [0.005] | [0.006] | [0.004] |
Cohort dummies | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Country dummies | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Observations | 19,178 | 19,178 | 11,821 | 11,821 | 7,357 | 7,357 |