From: A decade of labour market reforms in the EU: insights from the LABREF database
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable: Overall number of reforms | ||||
Per-capita GDP in 2000 | −0.188*** | −0.181*** | −0.157*** | |
(0.053) | (0.050) | (0.046) | ||
New Member State (dummy) | −5.497*** | −5.966*** | −5.761*** | |
(1.264) | (1.221) | (1.180) | ||
Unemployment rate (1st lag) | 0.034 | 0.179* | 0.186** | 0.178 |
(0.090) | (0.091) | (0.086) | (0.171) | |
Output gap < −4 (dummy) | 4.343*** | 2.943* | 3.275 | |
(1.175) | (1.709) | (2.018) | ||
Year > 2007 (dummy) | 3.389*** | |||
(0.708) | ||||
Parliamentary election year (dummy) | −1.858*** | −2.165*** | −2.167*** | −2.116*** |
(0.673) | (0.648) | (0.682) | (0.653) | |
1 year after parl. elections (dummy) | 0.969 | 0.720 | 0.632 | 0.702 |
(0.784) | (0.759) | (0.740) | (0.732) | |
Fraction of seats held by the government in Parliament | 9.867*** | 7.758** | 6.506* | 2.812 |
(3.728) | (3.503) | (3.483) | (3.773) | |
Fixed exchange rate (dummy) | 0.413 | −0.184 | 0.045 | 0.340 |
(0.609) | (0.602) | (0.580) | (1.367) | |
Real interest rate spread (1st lag) | 0.070 | 0.030 | 0.066 | 0.098 |
(0.116) | (0.115) | (0.139) | (0.143) | |
Net lending general government (1st lag) | −0.129* | −0.050 | −0.123 | −0.109 |
(0.070) | (0.077) | (0.079) | (0.094) | |
Year dummies | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Country dummies | No | No | No | Yes |
Observations | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 |
R-squared | 0.225 | 0.258 | 0.322 | 0.383 |