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Table 12 The impact of overall unemployment rate growth on age-specific unemployment rate growth

From: Who bears the cost of the business cycle? Labor-market institutions and volatility of the youth unemployment rate

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

VARIABLES

ΔUE15-24, t

ΔUE25-34, t

ΔUE45-54, t

ΔUE15-24, t -ΔUE45-54, t

ΔUE25-34, t -ΔUE45-,54, t

ΔUnemployment rateall ages, t

1.739 (0.137)

1.185 (0.050)

0.724 (0.051)

1.015 (0.162)

0.460 (0.075)

Employment Protection Legislation t-1

−0.004 (0.094)

−0.005 (0.034)

0.010 (0.035)

−0.014 (0.111)

−0.014 (0.051)

BenefitDuration t-1

0.064 (0.070)

−0.007 (0.025)

−0.028 (0.026)

0.092 (0.083)

0.021 (0.038)

Benefit Replacement Ratio t-1

−0.218 (0.152)

0.031 (0.055)

0.085 (0.057)

−0.303 (0.180)

−0.054 (0.083)

UnionDensity t-1

0.060 (0.062)

−0.031 (0.022)

−0.007 (0.023)

0.067 (0.073)

−0.024 (0.034)

UnionCoverage t-1

−0.019 (0.093)

0.003 (0.034)

0.003 (0.035)

−0.022 (0.110)

−0.000 (0.051)

Centralization t-1

0.086 (0.098)

−0.023 (0.035)

−0.019 (0.037)

0.104 (0.116)

−0.004 (0.054)

Coordination t-1

−0.081 (0.083)

0.031 (0.030)

−0.009 (0.031)

−0.072 (0.098)

0.040 (0.046)

Employment Protection Legislation t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

0.402 (0.170)

0.023 (0.061)

−0.125 (0.063)

0.527 (0.201)

0.148 (0.093)

BenefitDuration t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

0.146 (0.145)

−0.092 (0.052)

−0.022 (0.054)

0.168 (0.171)

−0.070 (0.079)

Benefit Replacement Ratio t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

−0.698 (0.380)

0.155 (0.138)

0.210 (0.142)

−0.907 (0.450)

−0.055 (0.208)

UnionDensity t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

0.005 (0.098)

0.079 (0.036)

−0.023 (0.037)

0.028 (0.116)

0.103 (0.054)

UnionCoverage t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

0.060 (0.281)

−0.016 (0.102)

−0.022 (0.105)

0.082 (0.332)

0.005 (0.154)

Centralization t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

0.246 (0.332)

−0.214 (0.120)

−0.009 (0.124)

0.255 (0.392)

−0.205 (0.182)

Coordination t-1×ΔUEall ages, t

−0.332 (0.367)

0.135 (0.133)

0.058 (0.137)

−0.389 (0.434)

0.078 (0.201)

Δln(15-24population)

−3.906 (3.235)

1.799 (1.172)

−1.926 (1.207)

−1.981 (3.828)

3.725 (1.772)

Δln(25-34population)

−3.702 (2.756)

−0.429 (0.999)

0.160 (1.028)

−3.863 (3.261)

−0.590 (1.510)

Constant

7.663 (5.250)

−1.350 (1.902)

1.765 (1.958)

5.898 (6.212)

−3.115 (2.876)

Observations

489

489

489

489

489

Number of countries

18

18

18

18

18

  1. Notes: Standard errors are in parentheses. Each institution index is computed as the deviation from the mean over standard error. All specifications include year dummy variables.
  2. Dependent variable : Δ(Unemployment rate)specific age,t.
  3. Endogenous variables: Δ(Unemployment rate)all ages,t and its interactions with labor market institution indexes.
  4. Estimation Method: Random Effects IV using Δ(GDP growth rate) t-1and its interactions with labor market institution indexes as IV.