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Table 8 Union coverage ratio

From: Who bears the cost of the business cycle? Labor-market institutions and volatility of the youth unemployment rate

Year

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Australia

    

84

85

81.5

80.5

83

Austria

       

98.8

98

Belgium

     

90

91.5

90.5

93

Canada

    

38.5

39

38

35.3

32

Denmark

     

74

71

71.3

83

Finland

 

95

95

95

94

95

94

94.7

93

France

    

84

92

92.5

94.7

93

Germany

  

90

90

87

90

86.5

88

68

Ireland

         

Italy

  

88

85

84

85

83

82.2

83

Japan

    

28

25.5

23

20.5

18

Netherland

      

73

84.7

83

New Zealand

      

65

30.5

28

Norway

   

65

71.5

70

71.5

70.5

73

Portugal

    

71.5

73.8

76

73

83

Spain

    

65.5

70

74.5

78.8

83

Sweden

    

83

83.8

84.5

89.7

93

Switzerland

       

51.3

43

United Kingdom

     

62

48.5

38.8

33

US

29

27

27

24

23.5

21

18

16.5

14

  1. Note: Ratio of workers covered by collective agreements (%).
  2. Values after year 2000 are extrapolated using the value in 2000 in the course of estimation.
  3. Source: Nickell (2006).