Grandparents’ Childcare and Female Labor Force Participation

Table 6 Maternal labor force participation before childbearing

	OLS
Grandmother dead	−0.041
	(0.035)
AFQT	0.012
	(0.009)
Age	−0.001
	(0.018)
Age squared	−0.000
	(0.000)
Number of children	−0.049***
	(0.011)
Black	0.010
	(0.021)
Hispanic	−0.012
	(0.021)
High school graduate	0.034*
	(0.018)
Some college	0.043**
	(0.020)
College graduate	0.016
	(0.025)
Married	−0.040
	(0.024)
Never married	−0.046*
	(0.025)
Teenage mother	−0.025
	(0.022)
Lives in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area	0.052**
	(0.022)
Log (Household income not including mother’s)	−0.001
	(0.007)
Lived in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area in 1979	−0.008
	(0.018)
Any household member had a library card when mother was 14	−0.009
	(0.016)
Constant	0.836***
	(0.249)
Observations	3,120

Weighted estimates to account for oversampling of minorities. *** p<0.01,** p<0.05,* p<0.1.
Robust standard errors in parentheses. Includes region and survey year dummies.
MLFP=1 if the respondent participates in the labor force (employed or unemployed).
Omitted category of education is “less than high school”. Income in 1983 dollars.
Includes a dummy for mothers with missing income information.
AFQT is age-standardized with mean 0 and s.d. of 1.