Table 2 Actual employment protection legislation and firms’ behavior
From: Do firms make greater use of training and temporary employment when labor adjustment costs are high?
Provides training | Uses temporary workers | Provides training | Uses temporary workers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Firms characteristics | ||||
Age (Less than 5 years old) | ||||
5 to 15 years old | 0.010 | 0.045 | 0.008 | 0.053 |
(0.019) | (0.018)* | (0.021) | (0.019)** | |
16 or more | -0.024 | 0.075 | -0.034 | 0.099 |
(0.027) | (0.033)* | (0.031) | (0.039)* | |
Size (Less than 20 employees) | ||||
20 to 49 employees | 0.212 | -0.005 | ||
(0.045)** | (0.051) | |||
49 to 99 employees | 0.311 | 0.164 | ||
(0.048)** | (0.074)* | |||
100 or more employees | 0.457 | 0.182 | ||
(0.051)** | (0.121) | |||
Publicly owned | 0.028 | 0.007 | 0.060 | -0.031 |
(0.037) | (0.035) | (0.040) | (0.048) | |
Innovator | 0.174 | 0.073 | 0.167 | 0.099 |
(0.023)** | (0.026)** | (0.028)** | (0.029)** | |
Manufacturing sector | -0.037 | 0.112 | ||
(0.044) | (0.046)* | |||
Domestic ownership | -0.094 | -0.046 | -0.093 | -0.039 |
(0.019)** | (0.026)+ | (0.019)** | (0.023)+ | |
Country income level (Low income) | ||||
Lower Middle income | 0.244 | 0.108 | 0.250 | 0.137 |
(0.071)** | (0.081) | (0.072)** | (0.074)+ | |
Upper Middle income or high income | 0.439 | 0.230 | 0.447 | 0.225 |
(0.049)** | (0.083)** | (0.047)** | (0.067)** | |
Labor regulations indexes | ||||
Regular employment regulations | 0.888 | 0.468 | ||
(0.229)** | (0.199)* | |||
Regular employment regulations* 20 to 49 employees | -0.329 | 0.099 | ||
(0.154)* | (0.140) | |||
Regular employment regulations* 49 to 99 employees | -0.419 | -0.265 | ||
(0.219)+ | (0.216) | |||
Regular employment regulations* 100 or more employees | -0.611 | -0.423 | ||
(0.204)** | (0.354) | |||
Regular employment regulations* US job flow | 1.720 | 0.845 | ||
(0.440)** | (0.440)+ | |||
US job flow | -1.350 | -0.478 | ||
(0.169)** | (0.181)** | |||
Observations (number of countries) | 10894 (43) | 10512 (43) | ||
Wald test for rho = 0 | chi2(1) = 4.999 | chi2(1) = 2.821 | ||
Prob > chi2 = 0.025 | Prob > chi2 = 0.093 | |||
Predicted probability at the mean | 0.534 | 0.449 | 0.538 | 0.446 |