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Table 3 Average hourly wages in Lebanon and Syria for salaried workers (USD)

From: Informality and exclusion: evidence from matched employer-employee data for Lebanon and Syria

 

Lebanon

Syria

 

Overall

Formal

Informal

% Difference

Overall

Formal

Informal

% Difference

Total

3.98

4.67

3

-35.80%

2.12

2.23

1.81

-19.10%

Educational attainment

        

No formal education

2.64

2.93

1.89

-35.50%

1.32

1.41

1.17

-17.00%

Primary

3.68

3.95

2.48

-37.20%

1.69

1.82

1.34

-26.50%

Secondary

3.95

3.87

2.92

-24.30%

1.88

1.95

1.69

-13.40%

Tertiary

5.24

5.68

4.03

-29.00%

2.87

2.97

2.58

-13.20%

Ability proxy

        

Cognitive score quintile 1

3.53

3.78

3.09

-18.20%

1.75

1.86

1.37

-26.30%

Cognitive score quintile 2

3.71

4.27

2.61

-38.90%

1.73

1.78

1.6

-9.90%

Cognitive score quintile 3

4.02

4.66

2.79

-40.20%

2.05

2.07

1.98

-4.50%

Cognitive score quintile 4

4.79

5.55

2.86

-48.40%

2.53

2.72

1.92

-29.40%

Cognitive score quintile 5

4.64

5.34

3.41

-36.10%

2.67

3.14

2.02

-35.50%

Gender

        

Male

4.08

4.67

3.16

-32.50%

2.2

2.3

1.91

-17.10%

Female

3.74

4.68

2.67

-42.80%

1.77

1.91

1.52

-20.20%

Age group

        

15–24

3.39

4.16

2.72

-34.60%

1.54

1.58

1.5

-4.90%

25–34

4.11

4.67

3.21

-31.20%

1.94

2.02

1.73

-14.30%

35–44

4.22

5.28

2.54

-51.90%

2.32

2.41

1.96

-18.50%

45–54

4.07

4.49

2.21

-50.80%

3

3.04

2.72

-10.50%

54+

3.89

4.03

5.29

31.40%

2.47

2.46

2.49

1.00%

Firm size

        

<5

2.44

4.07

2.14

-47.40%

2.18

3.12

1.84

-41.20%

5–9

3.87

4.76

2.95

-38.10%

1.81

1.9

1.77

-7.00%

10–49

4.53

4.74

3.89

-18.00%

2.13

2.27

1.97

-13.40%

50+

4.64

4.73

4.36

-7.80%

2.13

2.23

1.7

-23.40%

Economic sector

        

Agriculture

3.13

4.43

2.58

-41.70%

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

Manufacturing

3.88

4.26

2.4

-43.60%

2.07

2.16

1.82

-18.93%

Services

4.09

4.78

3.13

-34.50%

2.3

2.54

1.77

-43.07%

  1. Note: Exchange rates considered were 1USD = 1,507 LL (Lebanon) and 1USD = 48.2 SL (Syria).