Wage discrimination over the business cycle

Table 1 Coefficient estimates describing in (usual weekly earnings) and state unemployment rates, CPS-MORG, 1979–2009, all workers*

	Nonhispanic Whites, females relative to males		Nonblack Hispanics (relative to Nonhispanic Whites)		Blacks (relative to Nonhispanic Whites)
M	-0.0764	-0.0717	-0.2086	-0.1902	-0.1453	-0.1523
	(0.0018)	(0.0018)	(0.0032)	(0.0033)	(0.0026)	(0.0026)
M × Married	-0.1546	-0.1548
	(0.0011)	(0.0011)
U^**	0.8104	0.5062	0.3453	-0.0580	0.3722	0.0532
	(0.0220)	(0.0277)	(0.0180)	(0.0242)	(0.0178)	(0.0239)
M × U	-0.8744	-0.9163	0.6360	-0.0280	0.1098	0.3660
	(0.0254)	(0.0252)	(0.0512)	(0.0516)	(0.0394)	(0.0395)
Fixed effects:
State		x		x		x
Year	x	x	x	x	x	x
Adj. R²	0.698	0.704	0.689	0.694	0.693	0.698
N =	4,343,280		4,734,522		4,829,326
Average effect of M (log points)	-0.223	-0.221	-0.170	-0.192	-0.139	-0.130

*Each equation includes a vector of indicators of educational attainment, quadratics in usual hours and potential experience, and indicators of marital status, metropolitan location, veteran status and private/public sector employment. The equations also include an inter-action of gender and marital status, and those in Columns 3–6 include a main effect of gender. Robust standard errors in parentheses below the parameter estimates here and in Tables 2, 3 and 4.
**Measured as a fraction here and in subsequent tables.