| Full sample |
---|
| 4.34% |
---|
| Z1= 0 | Z1= 1 | | Z2= 0 | Z2= 1 |
---|
| 4.01% | 5.75% | | 1.89% | 6.54% |
---|
Sanctioned | 500 | 167 | | 137 | 530 |
Non-sanctioned | 11,957 | 2,737 | | 7,121 | 7,573 |
Total observations | 15,361 |
- aRemarks: Z1 refers to the sanction strategy of welfare agencies. Z1 = 0 denotes less strict agencies and Z1 = 1 denotes frequently sanctioning agencies. Z2 refers to the actually observed sanction rates within welfare agencies. Z2 = 0 denotes agencies with a sanction rate below the median and Z2 = 1 denotes agencies with a sanction rate above the median.