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Table 4 Description of the outcome variable self-sufficient employment

From: Intensifying the use of benefit sanctions: an effective tool to increase employment?

 

Z 1

Z 2

 

Z1= 0

Z1= 1

Z2= 0

Z2= 1

 

S = 0

S = 1

S = 0

S = 1

S = 0

S = 1

S = 0

S = 1

Month

        

1

0.0591

0.0260

0.0617

0.0240

0.0524

0.0292

0.0664

0.0245

2

0.0648

0.0460

0.0745

0.0479

0.0588

0.0511

0.0739

0.0453

3

0.0736

0.0560

0.0811

0.0898

0.0653

0.0511

0.0841

0.0679

4

0.0840

0.0640

0.0891

0.1257

0.0729

0.0657

0.0964

0.0830

5

0.0965

0.0740

0.1023

0.1677

0.0829

0.0876

0.1114

0.1000

6

0.1059

0.0880

0.1155

0.2036

0.0932

0.0949

0.1212

0.1226

  1. Remarks: The outcome variable is defined to be 1 if an individual is employed and does not receive welfare benefits anymore. Otherwise, the variable is 0. The variable is displayed for the first six months after the (hypothetical) sanction date. S = 0 denotes non-sanctioned individuals, and S = 1 denotes sanctioned individuals. Z1 refers to the sanction strategy of welfare agencies. Z1 = 0 denotes less strict agencies, and Z1 = 1 denotes frequently sanctioning agencies. Z2 refers to the observed sanction rates within welfare agencies. Z2 = 0 denotes welfare agencies with a sanction rate below the median across all 154 sampled agencies, and Z2 = 1 denotes agencies with a sanction rate above the median.