Table 2 Hiring costs in Europe
From: Return on investment of apprenticeship systems for enterprises: Evidence from cost-benefit analyses
Study | Country | Costs | Hiring costs as percentage of wage bill | Hiring costs as percentage of monthly pay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Manning (2006) | United Kingdom | Recruitment and training costs | 2.4%-11.2% | n/a |
Brown et al. (2001) | United Kingdom | Recruitment and training costs | 2.3%-11% | 55%-118% |
Abowd and Kramarz (2003) and Kramarz and Michaud (2010) | France | Training and external hiring costs, no internal hiring costs | 2.8% | n/a |
Blatter et al. (2012a) | Switzerland | Recruitment and training costs | 3.3% | 244% |
Muehlemann and Pfeifer (2012) | Germany | Recruitment and training costs | 1.9% | 200% |