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Table 1 Summary statistics of relevant variables (N = 48)

From: Tax structure and revenue instability: the Great Recession and the states

Variable

Mean

Std Dev

Min

Max

Change in total state tax revenue 2007–2009, per 2007 return1,3

−138

582

−1,128

2,596

Potential revenue exposure2

−255

215

−874

214

Change in AGI per return in top 5% of returns, 2007-20093

−83,774

46,787

−237,197

−10,729

Change in AGI per return in next 15% of returns, 2007-20093

−5,257

2,857

−11,571

5,633

Change in AGI per return in bottom 80% of returns, 2007-20093

1,108

787

−821

2,938

Total state tax burden on top 5%, 20074

0.066

0.019

0.023

0.101

Total state tax burden on next 15%, 20074

0.085

0.016

0.045

0.127

Total state tax burden on bottom 80%, 20074

0.093

0.014

0.060

0.116

Average state tax burden, 20074

0.082

0.015

0.042

0.112

Share of total AGI in top 5% of returns, 20073

0.338

0.046

0.278

0.486

Share of total AGI in next 15% of returns, 20073

0.289

0.020

0.221

0.316

Capital gains share of AGI in top 5% of returns, 20073

0.209

0.053

0.126

0.389

Capital gains share of AGI in next 15% of returns, 20073

0.033

0.008

0.018

0.054

  1. Source notes:
  2. 1U.S. Census Bureau 2007 & 2009.
  3. 2Authors’ calculations (see Table 2, footnote 1).
  4. 3Internal Revenue Service various years and authors’ calculations (see section 3C).
  5. 4Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy 2009.