Initial impacts of the Ticket to Work program: estimates based on exogenous variation in Ticket mail months

Stapleton, David; Mamun, Arif; Page, Jeremy

doi:10.1186/2193-9004-3-6

Table 3 Beneficiary characteristics: means by phase and intended mail months

From: Initial impacts of the Ticket to Work program: estimates based on exogenous variation in Ticket mail months

	Phase 2			Phase 3
	Mean	Range^a	Test^b	Mean	Range^a	Test^b
Gender
Male	0.521	0.020		0.523	0.015	***
Gender missing	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000
Age at selection date	33.697	0.192	***	34.31	0.21	**
Age at disability onset
Age	27.963	0.343	**	27.96	0.29	***
Age missing	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000
Race/ethnicity
Asian	0.009	0.005	***	0.026	0.004
African American (non-hispanic)	0.209	0.012		0.156	0.011	***
Hispanic	0.032	0.006		0.119	0.011	***
American Indian/Hawaiian	0.006	0.002		0.005	0.002	**
White [ref]	0.728	0.016	**	0.667	0.013	**
Other	0.004	0.002		0.010	0.003	***
Missing	0.012	0.004		0.017	0.004
Education at selection date
Less than high school [ref]	0.187	0.016	***	0.152	0.014	***
High school graduate	0.391	0.015		0.374	0.013	***
More than high school	0.185	0.018	***	0.204	0.012	***
Missing	0.238	0.013		0.270	0.014	***
Expectations about medical improvement at selection date
Expected	0.039	0.009		0.028	0.004
Possible	0.548	0.015	***	0.601	0.014	***
Not expected	0.180	0.016	***	0.196	0.011	*
Missing	0.233	0.013		0.175	0.014	***
Medicare eligibility at selection date [ref = not eligible]
Eligible	0.646	0.011		0.779	0.015	***
Eligibility missing	0.031	0.006		0.018	0.004	***
Number of dependent beneficiaries at selection date
No dependent [ref]	0.455	0.017	***	0.478	0.017	**
1	0.171	0.011	**	0.163	0.010	***
2 or more	0.265	0.012		0.249	0.013	***
Missing	0.108	0.012	**	0.110	0.007	***
VR services before selection date
Determined eligible for VR services	0.191	0.018	***	0.207	0.010
VR service eligibility missing	0.761	0.024	***	0.760	0.011
Outcome achieved before ticket selection date
TWP start before ticket selection	0.063	0.010	***	0.084	0.010	**
TWP completion before ticket selection	0.038	0.007	***	0.048	0.007	**
STW before ticket selection	0.018	0.004		0.025	0.005	**
Months between SSD award and selection date	18.496	0.224		26.352	0.540	***
Primary Insurance Amount (PIA, $)
Mean PIA	626.9	18.8	*	643.3	12.3	***
PIA missing	0.125	0.011	**	0.123	0.009	***
Indexed Monthly Earnings (IME, $)
Mean IME	1089.6	45.8		1124.9	28.4	***
IME missing	0.192	0.009		0.185	0.008	**
Primary disabling conditions at SSD award
Major affective disorders [Ref]	0.155	0.018	***	0.184	0.015
Other psychiatric disorders and mental retardation	0.241	0.019	**	0.241	0.017	***
Back disorders and musculoskeletal system	0.120	0.009	**	0.111	0.011	***
Other physical disabilities	0.482	0.027	***	0.463	0.017	***
Missing	0.001	0.001		0.001	0.001
SSD award year
1999	0.097	0.005		0.077	0.009	***
2000	0.328	0.012		0.258	0.009
2001	0.300	0.012	*	0.293	0.014
2002	0.250	0.013		0.232	0.016	***
2003	0.015	0.004	***	0.128	0.015	***
2004	0.009	0.003	*	0.012	0.003	***
State unemployment rate
Mean in 6 months around IMM (percent)	5.710	0.385	***	6.007	0.511	***
Change in 6 months around IMM	0.079	0.843	***	-0.255	0.264	***
Anomalous sequence of events
Ticket selection before SSD award	0.036	0.008	**	-	-
TWP completion before start	0.000	0.001		0.000	0.000	***
STW before TWP start	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	***
STW before TWP completion	0.001	0.002	***	0.001	0.001	***

Source: Authors’ calculations using data from Ticket Research File 2007.
Note: “Ref” indicates the reference category for the discrete variable in the multivariate regression models.
^a“Range” is the difference between the minimum and maximum mean across IMM in each sample.
^b“Test” shows the results from the test of the null hypothesis that the means are the same across IMM in the sample; *, **, and *** indicate significantly different at the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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