Table 4 Difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) effects of work opportunity tax credits (WOTC) on disabled veterans and unemployed veterans
From: What factors contributed to changes in employment during and after the Great Recession?
| Â | All veterans eligible for WOTC based on employment history | Only recent veterans eligible for WOTC based on employment history | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) |
Disabled X veteran X WOTC eligibility period for disabled veterans | 0.0472*** (4.06) | 0.0485*** (4.20) | 0.0471*** (4.06) | 0.0480*** (4.16) | −0.0193 (−0.45) | −0.0180 (−0.43) | −0.00910 (−0.22) | −0.0084 (−0.20) |
Disabled X WOTC eligibility period for disabled veterans | 0.00847 (0.86) | 0.00766 (0.78) | 0.00952 (0.97) | 0.00870 (0.89) | 0.0169*** (2.71) | 0.0164*** (2.63) | 0.0166*** (2.66) | 0.0162*** (2.59) |
Veteran X WOTC eligibility period for disabled veterans | −0.0182*** (−5.71) | −0.0185*** (−5.81) | −0.0139*** (−3.26) | −0.0144*** (−3.36) | −0.0402*** (−2.65) | −0.0310** (−2.08) | −0.00807 (−0.47) | −0.0005 (−0.03) |
Disabled X veteran | 0.154*** (33.90) | 0.152*** (32.99) | 0.154*** (34.11) | 0.152*** (33.23) | 0.174*** (13.00) | 0.172*** (12.71) | 0.171*** (12.40) | 0.169*** (12.13) |
Disabled dummy | −0.560*** (−77.57) | −0.559*** (−76.79) | −0.563*** (−78.36) | −0.562*** (−77.58) | −0.442*** (−76.49) | −0.442*** (−76.36) | −0.444*** (−77.05) | −0.445*** (−76.91) |
Veteran dummy | −0.0137*** (−5.85) | −0.0145*** (−6.17) | −0.0114*** (−4.77) | −0.0121*** (−5.05) | 0.00567 (0.45) | −0.00208 (−0.16) | 0.00948 (0.74) | 0.00235 (0.18) |
WOTC eligibility period for disabled veterans | −0.0168*** (−21.24) | −0.0147*** (−7.12) | −0.0100*** (−9.07) | −0.0266*** (−14.66) | −0.0174*** (−22.69) | −0.0151*** (−7.39) | −0.0107*** (−9.97) | −0.0271*** (−15.14) |
Unemployed X veterans X WOTC eligibility period for unemployed veterans | Â | Â | 0.0118 (0.95) | 0.0105 (0.84) | Â | Â | 0.0155 (0.48) | 0.0130 (0.40) |
Unemployed X veterans |  |  | −0.0295*** (−3.86) | −0.0296*** (−3.88) |  |  | −0.0199 (−0.72) | −0.0175 (−0.64) |
Veterans X WOTC eligibility period for unemployed veterans |  |  | −0.00888** (−2.04) | −0.00824* (−1.89) |  |  | −0.0447*** (−3.22) | −0.0447*** (−3.22) |
Unemployed X WOTC eligibility period for unemployed veterans | Â | Â | 0.00983*** (3.00) | 0.0093*** (2.82) | Â | Â | 0.0109*** (3.43) | 0.0103*** (3.24) |
WOTC eligibility period for unemployed veterans |  |  | −0.0102*** (−8.82) | 0.0111*** (5.41) |  |  | −0.0103*** (−9.21) | 0.0110*** (5.41) |
Unemployed dummy |  |  | −0.119*** (−48.30) | −0.117*** (−47.60) |  |  | −0.122*** (−51.18) | −0.120*** (−50.46) |
State fixed effects | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Time fixed effects | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Demographic controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 1,285,543 | 1,285,543 | 1285543 | 1,285,543 | 1,285,543 | 1285543 | 1,285,543 | 1,285,543 |