Women’s and men’s responses to in-work benefits: the influence of children

Table 4 Estimated utility function by gender and household type

	Household without children				Household with children
Utility parameters		P.E.	S.E.			P.E.	S.E.
α _w		−4.681^*	1.494			−5.317^*	0.131
α _m		−2.909	8.248			−4.468^*	0.598
α _y		5.359^*	1.623			2.395^*	0.153
α _wy		−0.775^*	0.389			−0.135^*	0.059
α _my		−0.875^*	0.369			−0.134^*	0.033
α _wm		2.272^*	0.573			−0.053	0.073
ϕ (Stigma effect)		−48.66^*	4.330			−38.87^*	2.356
	Men		Women		Men		Women
Fixed cost	P.E.	S.E.	P.E.	S.E.	P.E.	S.E.	P.E.	S.E.
γ ₁(FC, H ∈ {12, 27})	−25.957^*	2.672	−19.884^*	1.416	−17,125^*	1.938	−18.742^*	1.248
γ ₂(FC, H ∈ {35})	−16.424^*	1.154	−7.911^*	2.582	−3,347^*	0.837	−1.531^*	0.227
γ ₃(FC, H ∈ {38})	−12.823^*	3.134	15.883^*	2.928	−3,178^*	0.227	14.595^*	2.582
γ ₄(FC, H ∈ {41})	1.424	6.763	3.244	3.009	13,614^*	0.490	5.238^*	2.653
γ ₅(Fc, H ∈ {50})	−23.739^*	4.536	−1.920	3.063	−4,901^*	0.329	8.027^*	2.700
Number of households		1648				2102
Log-likelihood/n		−3,848				−3,805
Covariance matrix of unobservables
	η _m	η _w	ε _m	ε _w	η _m	η _w	ε _m	ε _w
η _m	139.60^*	−0.096	0.108^*	0.014	114.91^*	0.507^*	0.103^*	−0.001
η _w		134.86^*	−0.001	−0.011		189.12^*	0.021	0.001
ε _m			0.159^*	0.195^*			0.145^*	0.144^*
ε _w				0.079^*				0.092^*

Note. *Significant at the 5% level. P.E. stands for parameter estimate. S.E. stands for standard error