Fig. 1

Percentage of Immigrants and Natives Working by Cohort. Note: Panel a displays the results from estimating a linear regression where the LHS variable is a dummy variable indicating whether the individual is working or not and the RHS variables are year dummies interacted by cohort. The cohort is defined according to the period of arrival: 2000–2003; 2004–2007; 2008–2011. Panel b displays the results from estimating a regression in two stages. In the first stage, the LHS variable is a dummy variable indicating whether the individual is employed or not and the RHS variables include individual characteristics (age, sex, married, education level and continent of origin) and the relative stock of immigrants (Immigrants/Total Population). The second stage uses as LHS the predicted probability of employment in the first stage and year dummies as RHS. Each stage was run separately by cohort of immigrants and natives. Panel c is estimated as in Panel b but replacing individual characteristics and the relative stock of immigrants by the GDP growth and the Unemployment Rate. Source: Produced by authors based on Spanish Labor Force Survey microdata