From: Effects of increased elderly employment on other workers’ employment and elderly’s earnings in Japan
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total # of employees | Full-time employees | Younger than 50 | 50–59 years old | 60 or older | Full-time younger than 25 | Female part-time 35–54 years old | Part-time 60 or older | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2001 × 2002 | 0.036 | −0.051 | −0.764*** | 3.494*** | 0.739 | −1.344*** | 0.961 | −1.141* |
[0.147] | [0.179] | [0.180] | [0.334] | [0.659] | [0.460] | [0.661] | [0.614] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2001 × 2002 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.27 | −0.039 | 1.178** | −3.605*** | −0.268 | 4.065*** | −2.621 | 0.388 |
[0.440] | [0.497] | [0.551] | [1.396] | [1.970] | [1.517] | [1.699] | [1.967] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2002 × 2003 | −0.013 | −0.008 | −0.669*** | 2.426*** | 1.304** | −0.68 | 0.232 | −0.188 |
[0.100] | [0.117] | [0.170] | [0.522] | [0.613] | [0.439] | [0.433] | [0.641] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2002 × 2003 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.602* | −0.135 | 0.848* | 0.106 | −2.117 | 0.637 | −0.685 | −1.87 |
[0.326] | [0.365] | [0.495] | [1.845] | [2.164] | [1.731] | [1.270] | [2.442] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2003 × 2004 | −0.004 | 0.049 | −0.748*** | 2.770*** | 1.436*** | −0.256 | 0.105 | −0.387 |
[0.110] | [0.116] | [0.169] | [0.345] | [0.484] | [0.449] | [0.445] | [0.467] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2003 × 2004 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.381 | −0.05 | 0.995** | −1.719 | −0.757 | 1.287 | 0.12 | 0.588 |
[0.364] | [0.388] | [0.471] | [1.148] | [1.550] | [1.555] | [1.239] | [1.649] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2004 × 2005 | −0.138 | −0.008 | −0.843*** | 2.566*** | 2.263*** | 0.58 | −0.009 | −0.451 |
[0.099] | [0.108] | [0.129] | [0.217] | [0.451] | [0.368] | [0.393] | [0.451] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2004 × 2005 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.556 | 0.14 | 0.839* | −0.92 | −1.128 | 0.575 | 0.071 | 1.043 |
[0.381] | [0.432] | [0.495] | [0.954] | [1.534] | [1.611] | [1.168] | [1.563] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2005 × 2006 | −0.189** | −0.091 | −0.776*** | 1.918*** | 1.994*** | 0.757** | −0.064 | 0.177 |
[0.083] | [0.102] | [0.104] | [0.310] | [0.488] | [0.308] | [0.346] | [0.409] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2005 × 2006 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.271 | −0.149 | 0.411 | −0.526 | −2.278 | −0.317 | −0.121 | −0.029 |
[0.350] | [0.427] | [0.443] | [0.859] | [1.565] | [1.414] | [1.107] | [1.525] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2006 × 2007 | −0.18 | 0.371 | −0.610*** | 1.170*** | 2.478*** | 1.666*** | −1.128** | 0.203 |
[0.168] | [0.245] | [0.183] | [0.248] | [0.535] | [0.435] | [0.505] | [0.488] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2006 × 2007 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.325 | −0.044 | 0.321 | −0.32 | −2.085 | −0.252 | 2.458 | 0.885 |
[0.461] | [0.557] | [0.559] | [0.822] | [1.666] | [1.467] | [1.563] | [1.583] | |
Ratio of age 55−59 in 2007 × 2008 | −0.374*** | −0.224* | −0.703*** | 0.601*** | 2.858*** | 1.349*** | −0.219 | 0.787* |
[0.096] | [0.119] | [0.113] | [0.172] | [0.432] | [0.344] | [0.351] | [0.409] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2007 × 2008 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.364 | 0.143 | 0.234 | 0.426 | −1.803 | −0.84 | 0.036 | 0.47 |
[0.319] | [0.386] | [0.403] | [0.658] | [1.579] | [1.339] | [1.049] | [1.380] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2008 × 2009 | −0.290*** | −0.273*** | −0.553*** | 0.314** | 3.280*** | 1.425*** | 0.318 | 1.545*** |
[0.089] | [0.098] | [0.111] | [0.149] | [0.446] | [0.343] | [0.344] | [0.408] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2008 × 2009 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.332 | 0.067 | 0.408 | −0.188 | −1.394 | −0.699 | 0.112 | 2.09 |
[0.326] | [0.370] | [0.395] | [0.672] | [1.600] | [1.193] | [1.164] | [1.417] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2009 × 2010 | −0.353*** | −0.432*** | −0.509*** | −0.267 | 3.798*** | 1.952*** | 0.663 | 2.042*** |
[0.111] | [0.120] | [0.130] | [0.205] | [0.566] | [0.385] | [0.412] | [0.488] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2009 × 2010 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.208 | −0.151 | 0.296 | −0.583 | −2.19 | −1.236 | 0.442 | 2.087 |
[0.355] | [0.393] | [0.426] | [0.702] | [1.795] | [1.319] | [1.296] | [1.633] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2010 × 2011 | −0.324** | −0.335** | −0.425*** | −0.671** | 5.232*** | 2.668*** | 0.631 | 2.618*** |
[0.132] | [0.141] | [0.159] | [0.325] | [0.607] | [0.451] | [0.490] | [0.543] | |
Ratio of age 55–59 in 2010 × 2011 × earnings drop at age 60 | 0.155 | −0.127 | 0.171 | −0.065 | −2.916 | −1.659 | −0.125 | 0.203 |
[0.391] | [0.426] | [0.475] | [0.881] | [1.934] | [1.404] | [1.482] | [1.942] | |
Observations | 10,681 | 10,681 | 10,681 | 10,681 | 10,681 | 10,681 | 10,681 | 10,681 |
R-squared | 0.046 | 0.034 | 0.046 | 0.132 | 0.402 | 0.077 | 0.085 | 0.16 |
Number of establishments | 1531 | 1531 | 1531 | 1531 | 1531 | 1531 | 1531 | 1531 |