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Table 12 The effect of the ratio of 55–59 years old in male full-time workers in the previous year on log number of various types of employees, interacted with the change in earnings drop at age 60 between cohorts 1943–1945 and 1946–1948

From: Effects of increased elderly employment on other workers’ employment and elderly’s earnings in Japan

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Total # of employees

Full-time employees

Younger than 50

50–59 years old

60 or older

Full-time younger than 25

Female part-time 35–54 years old

Part-time 60 or older

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2001 × 2002

0.036

−0.051

−0.764***

3.494***

0.739

−1.344***

0.961

−1.141*

[0.147]

[0.179]

[0.180]

[0.334]

[0.659]

[0.460]

[0.661]

[0.614]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2001 × 2002 × earnings drop at age 60

0.27

−0.039

1.178**

−3.605***

−0.268

4.065***

−2.621

0.388

[0.440]

[0.497]

[0.551]

[1.396]

[1.970]

[1.517]

[1.699]

[1.967]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2002 × 2003

−0.013

−0.008

−0.669***

2.426***

1.304**

−0.68

0.232

−0.188

[0.100]

[0.117]

[0.170]

[0.522]

[0.613]

[0.439]

[0.433]

[0.641]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2002 × 2003 × earnings drop at age 60

0.602*

−0.135

0.848*

0.106

−2.117

0.637

−0.685

−1.87

[0.326]

[0.365]

[0.495]

[1.845]

[2.164]

[1.731]

[1.270]

[2.442]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2003 × 2004

−0.004

0.049

−0.748***

2.770***

1.436***

−0.256

0.105

−0.387

[0.110]

[0.116]

[0.169]

[0.345]

[0.484]

[0.449]

[0.445]

[0.467]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2003 × 2004 × earnings drop at age 60

0.381

−0.05

0.995**

−1.719

−0.757

1.287

0.12

0.588

[0.364]

[0.388]

[0.471]

[1.148]

[1.550]

[1.555]

[1.239]

[1.649]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2004 × 2005

−0.138

−0.008

−0.843***

2.566***

2.263***

0.58

−0.009

−0.451

[0.099]

[0.108]

[0.129]

[0.217]

[0.451]

[0.368]

[0.393]

[0.451]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2004 × 2005 × earnings drop at age 60

0.556

0.14

0.839*

−0.92

−1.128

0.575

0.071

1.043

[0.381]

[0.432]

[0.495]

[0.954]

[1.534]

[1.611]

[1.168]

[1.563]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2005 × 2006

−0.189**

−0.091

−0.776***

1.918***

1.994***

0.757**

−0.064

0.177

[0.083]

[0.102]

[0.104]

[0.310]

[0.488]

[0.308]

[0.346]

[0.409]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2005 × 2006 × earnings drop at age 60

0.271

−0.149

0.411

−0.526

−2.278

−0.317

−0.121

−0.029

[0.350]

[0.427]

[0.443]

[0.859]

[1.565]

[1.414]

[1.107]

[1.525]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2006 × 2007

−0.18

0.371

−0.610***

1.170***

2.478***

1.666***

−1.128**

0.203

[0.168]

[0.245]

[0.183]

[0.248]

[0.535]

[0.435]

[0.505]

[0.488]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2006 × 2007 × earnings drop at age 60

0.325

−0.044

0.321

−0.32

−2.085

−0.252

2.458

0.885

[0.461]

[0.557]

[0.559]

[0.822]

[1.666]

[1.467]

[1.563]

[1.583]

Ratio of age 55−59 in 2007 × 2008

−0.374***

−0.224*

−0.703***

0.601***

2.858***

1.349***

−0.219

0.787*

[0.096]

[0.119]

[0.113]

[0.172]

[0.432]

[0.344]

[0.351]

[0.409]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2007 × 2008 × earnings drop at age 60

0.364

0.143

0.234

0.426

−1.803

−0.84

0.036

0.47

[0.319]

[0.386]

[0.403]

[0.658]

[1.579]

[1.339]

[1.049]

[1.380]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2008 × 2009

−0.290***

−0.273***

−0.553***

0.314**

3.280***

1.425***

0.318

1.545***

[0.089]

[0.098]

[0.111]

[0.149]

[0.446]

[0.343]

[0.344]

[0.408]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2008 × 2009 × earnings drop at age 60

0.332

0.067

0.408

−0.188

−1.394

−0.699

0.112

2.09

[0.326]

[0.370]

[0.395]

[0.672]

[1.600]

[1.193]

[1.164]

[1.417]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2009 × 2010

−0.353***

−0.432***

−0.509***

−0.267

3.798***

1.952***

0.663

2.042***

[0.111]

[0.120]

[0.130]

[0.205]

[0.566]

[0.385]

[0.412]

[0.488]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2009 × 2010 × earnings drop at age 60

0.208

−0.151

0.296

−0.583

−2.19

−1.236

0.442

2.087

[0.355]

[0.393]

[0.426]

[0.702]

[1.795]

[1.319]

[1.296]

[1.633]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2010 × 2011

−0.324**

−0.335**

−0.425***

−0.671**

5.232***

2.668***

0.631

2.618***

[0.132]

[0.141]

[0.159]

[0.325]

[0.607]

[0.451]

[0.490]

[0.543]

Ratio of age 55–59 in 2010 × 2011 × earnings drop at age 60

0.155

−0.127

0.171

−0.065

−2.916

−1.659

−0.125

0.203

[0.391]

[0.426]

[0.475]

[0.881]

[1.934]

[1.404]

[1.482]

[1.942]

Observations

10,681

10,681

10,681

10,681

10,681

10,681

10,681

10,681

R-squared

0.046

0.034

0.046

0.132

0.402

0.077

0.085

0.16

Number of establishments

1531

1531

1531

1531

1531

1531

1531

1531

  1. Note: Standard errors with clustering for establishment ID are presented in brackets. *, **, *** indicate coefficients are statistically significantly different from 0 at the 10, 5, and 1 % levels, respectively. Control variables omitted from the table include industry-year dummies. Establishment fixed effects are also controlled