Partners’ leisure time truly together upon retirement

Table 3 The effect of retirement on joint and separate leisure: single-equation estimates, assuming that retirement is exogenous

	Outcome definition a, same leisure activity, same time interval, with family
	His separate leisure	Her separate leisure	Joint leisure
He retired	115.749***	−24.91*	78.40***
He retired	(17.454)	(13.63)	(13.45)
She retired	−21.505*	60.98**	43.77***
She retired	(12.444)	(9.72)	(9.59)
Mean leisure (at age 55–59)	268.9	209.36	138
	Outcome definition b, same leisure activity, same time interval, same place
	His separate leisure	Her separate leisure	Joint leisure
He retired	129.02***	−11.4	64.88***
He retired	(18.609)	(15.81)	(12.36)
She retired	−13.93	68.99**	35.756***
She retired	(13.27)	(11.27)	(8.816)
Mean leisure (at age 55–59)	241.28	181.74	165.78
	Outcome definition c, same leisure activity, same time interval
	His separate leisure	Her separate leisure	Joint leisure
He retired	115.749***	−24.639*	78.214***
He retired	(17.454)	(14.158)	(13.296)
She retired	−21.505*	61.427***	43.324***
She retired	(12.444)	(10.095)	(9.480)
	224.22	164.68	182.84
	Outcome definition d, any leisure activity, same time interval, same place
	His separate leisure	Her separate leisure	Joint leisure
He retired	99.20***	−41.29***	94.76***
He retired	(15.27)	(12.34)	(13.689)
She retired	−27.40**	55.53***	49.217***
She retired	(11.39)	(8.80)	(9.760)
Mean leisure (at age 55–59)	207.61	148.07	199.45

Notes: Other controls: quadratic polynomials in age 60 interacted with the age ≥ 60 dummies; partners’ education dummies; a dummy for any child still living at home; area of residence dummies; seasonal dummies; and a weekend diary dummy. See Section 2 for the model specification and Section 3.2 for the definitions of leisure. Here, retirement of the wife is defined as non-employment. Observations: 1043 couples both aged 50–70
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05;***p < 0.01. Standard errors in parentheses