Fig. 1

Distribution of the gap between the perceived and the actual unemployment rate, separately by country. Source: Computations based on ESS (2008) and Eurostat (2013). Notes: The gap in the perception of unemployment was computed as ugap=m[a,b]−u, where [a,b] refers to the interval of perceived unemployment rate, m indicates the midpoint, and u is the actual unemployment rate in the country at the reference moment