t
| (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|
1997–2001 | −0.521*** | −0.486*** | −0.166*** |
(0.0283) | (0.0303) | (0.0417) |
2006–2012 | −0.629*** | −0.600*** | −0.309*** |
(0.0219) | (0.0242) | (0.0405) |
Difference | −0.108*** | −0.113*** | −0.142*** |
(0.0358) | (0.0383) | (0.0522) |
Demographics | Â | X | X |
Initial conditions | Â | Â | X |
N
| 6862 | 6862 | 6801 |
- Note: Results from a multinomial probit model: \( \operatorname{P}\left(\mathrm{Jbstat}\right) = {\alpha}_1*\mathrm{l}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{e} + {\alpha}_2*\mathrm{period} + {\alpha}_3\left(\mathrm{l}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{e}*\mathrm{period}\right) + \beta X + e \). Marginal effects calculated for the transition from lagged non-employment to graduate work. Model (2) includes dummy for ages >40, non-White ethnicity, married, children under 16 in the household, and residence in London or the South-East. Model (3) adds the initial value of the dependent variable and within-panel means of time-varying variables as well as the initial values of time-varying values to the list of covariates to address the initial condition problem and correlations between observed and unobserved individual characteristics following Wooldridge (2005) and Rabe-Hesketh and Skrondal (2013). Standard errors in parentheses. *p < .1; **p < .05; ***p < .01