Wage rigidities and business cycle fluctuations: a linked employer-employee analysis

Table 1 Descriptive statistics, universe of firms paying contribution at INPS

Year	% of firms in industry	% of firms in manufacturing	Wage per employee		Firm size		N firms	N employees (1000)
			Mean	sd	Mean	sd
1990	0.49	0.32	1102	457	7.96	182.3	1,116,992	8891
1991	0.48	0.32	1217	495	7.96	181.0	1,120,621	8920
1992	0.48	0.31	1288	539	7.86	188.1	1,122,468	8823
1993	0.47	0.31	1334	556	7.80	184.2	1,084,614	8460
1994	0.47	0.31	1382	579	7.83	180.2	1,059,329	8295
1995	0.47	0.30	1441	620	7.87	179.1	1,063,816	8372
1996	0.47	0.30	1492	646	7.94	172.9	1,069,946	8495
1997	0.46	0.30	1550	670	7.96	163.1	1,058,116	8423
1998	0.46	0.29	1580	697	7.97	156.2	1,082,872	8630
1999	0.45	0.28	1595	711	7.86	138.3	1,136,162	8930
2000	0.44	0.27	1637	766	7.97	139.1	1,181,332	9415
2001	0.44	0.27	1675	821	7.98	140.1	1,222,383	9755
2002	0.44	0.26	1693	788	7.73	133.2	1,293,290	9997
2003	0.44	0.25	1728	819	7.70	130.0	1,325,115	10203
2004	0.43	0.24	1765	837	7.59	127.9	1,369,569	10395
2005	0.42	0.24	1816	892	7.56	128.7	1,380,837	10439
2006	0.42	0.23	1872	938	7.55	132.0	1,403,806	10599
2007	0.42	0.22	1898	994	7.53	133.5	1,474,110	11100
2008	0.41	0.22	1973	1030	7.57	129.0	1,496,808	11331
2009	0.40	0.22	1975	1006	7.48	146.9	1,478,586	11060
2010	0.39	0.21	2031	1055	7.43	169.6	1,471,068	10930
2011	0.38	0.21	2068	1070	7.46	165.1	1,467,732	10949
2012	0.37	0.21	2073	1086	7.35	167.6	1,468,611	10794
2013	0.36	0.21	2100	1139	7.44	169.1	1,414,664	10525

Source: own calculations on INPS data for the universe of firms. Statistics of wages are weighted by the number of employees in the firm