Evaluating place-based job creation programs in Japan

Table 10 Incidence of the program using census of commerce

	(1)		(2)
	Observed	Bootstrap	Observed	Bootstrap
	Coef.	Std. err.	Coef.	Std. err.
General retail trade
Sales	0.122*	0.073	0.116*	0.064
Workers	0.035	0.024	0.030	0.023
Establishments	0.042*	0.024	0.038*	0.022
Food and beverage retail trade
Sales	−0.034	0.065	−0.030	0.075
Workers	0.004	0.033	−0.001	0.033
Establishments	0.022	0.023	0.018	0.027
Control variables
Manufacturing share (lag)	No		Yes
Trend in population density	No		Yes
Observations ^a	736		736

Each entry gives the difference-in-differences estimate of the program on the outcome presented in each row. The effects of the Japanese place-based program on the treated municipalities compared with the control municipalities. Dependent variables are logged sales, numbers of workers, or numbers of establishments. Standard errors are clustered by municipality. Data from the census of commerce in 2002, 2007, and 2012 (to be more precise, the economic census in 2012. It covers the census of commerce) for a general retail trade sector and food and beverage retail trade sector
* indicates significance at the 10% level
^aObservations for sales in a general retail trade sector are 688 for columns (1) and (2). Observations for sales in a food and beverage retail trade sector are 731 for columns (1) and (2)