Evaluating place-based job creation programs in Japan

Table 4 Incidence of the programs about population, the number of household, and the mobility

Dependent variable	(1)		(2)		(3)
Dependent variable	Coef.	Robust std. err.	Coef.	Robust std. err.	Coef.	Robust std. err.
Population	0.062*	0.034	0.056*	0.032	0.045	0.029
Households	0.065**	0.031	0.060**	0.029	0.049*	0.026
Population inflow	0.064**	0.030	0.062**	0.028	0.048**	0.024
Population outflow	0.051	0.035	0.049	0.033	0.036	0.028
Control variables
Manufacturing share (lag)	No		Yes		Yes
Trend in population density	No		Yes		Yes
Unemployment rate^a	No		No		Yes
Observations	742		742		742

Each entry gives the difference-in-differences estimate of the program on the outcome presented in each row. Dependent variables are logged population or numbers of households. Standard errors are clustered by municipality. Data from Japan’s population census in 2000, 2005, and 2010
** and *indicate significance at the 5 and 10% level, respectively
^aIn the base year