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Table 7 Placebo test

From: Evaluating place-based job creation programs in Japan

Dependent variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

 

Robust

 

Robust

 

Robust

Coef.

Std. err.

Coef.

Std. err.

Coef.

Std. err.

Workers live ina

−0.004

0.032

0.010

0.032

0.018

0.033

Workers work inb

0.001

0.031

0.013

0.031

0.021

0.032

Workers in

 Agriculture

0.018

0.044

0.029

0.043

0.029

0.043

 Wholesale, retail trade, and service

−0.006

0.029

0.005

0.030

0.014

0.031

 Manufacturing

−0.016

0.043

0.033

0.040

0.041

0.042

 Financial

−0.026

0.073

−0.008

0.072

0.011

0.067

Population

0.002

0.030

0.014

0.030

0.023

0.031

Households

0.006

0.030

0.013

0.030

0.022

0.031

Control variables

 Manufacturing share (lag)

No

Yes

Yes

   

 Trend in population density

No

Yes

Yes

   

 Unemployment ratec

No

No

Yes

   

 Observations

741

741

741

   
  1. Observations of workers in a financial sector is 735. Each entry gives the difference-in-differences estimate of the program on the outcome presented in each row. Dependent variables are logged numbers of workers, population, or households. Standard errors are clustered by municipality. Data from population census in 1995, 2000, and 2005. This paper assumes that the placebo event occurs in 2005 and confirms that the outcomes of the treatment group do not differ from those of the control group after 2005
  2. ***, **, and *indicate significance at the 1, 5, and 10% level, respectively
  3. aWorkers who live in the treatment/control municipalities
  4. bWorkers who work in the treatment/control municipalities
  5. cIn the base year