Fig. 3
Prior trends in treatment versus control areas. The figures above compare the trends in the labor market outcomes in treatment versus control areas prior to immigration (i.e., between 2004 and 2011). Note that all variables are characterized in terms of their ratios to the population of native individuals of age 15–64. For example, the unemployment rate should be read as the ratio of unemployed individuals to the population of individuals aged 15–64. The figures suggest that the prior trends are quite similar across treatment and control areas