Fig. 5

Public-private pay differentials of women and low-income workers and comparison with overall pay gaps. Notes: Panel a compares the public sector pay gap conditional on observed worker characteristics (EU-SILC, see Eq. (1)) of the full sample and the sample of female workers. Panel b compares the pay gap of the full sample with that of workers at the first quartile of the income distribution. The gap of female workers is computed by estimating Eq. (1) for the sample of female workers. The gap of low-income workers is computed via a quantile regression with the same covariates as in Eq. (1). In almost all the countries, the gaps of women and low-income workers are larger than that of the full sample. Nevertheless, the cross-country differences remain