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Table 1 Descriptive statistics

From: Having a bad attitude? The relationship between attitudes and sickness absence

 

Mean (SD)

Definition

Personnel data

  

Permanent job contract (%)

88.9

 

Works shifts (%)

80.1

 

Director (%)

8.0

 

Employed within home care (%)

45.1

 

Employed within assisted living (%)

37.2

 

Employed within mental healthcare (%)

15.0

 

Employed by District A (%)

42.0

 

Employed by District B (%)

58.0

 

Employed throughout the whole period (%)

89.4

Employed throughout

  

the period from January

  

1 2013 to October 1 2014

Self-certified sick leave rate (%)

3.2

Number of self-certified sick

  

leave days/ number of

  

contracted workdays

GP-certified sick leave rate (%)

7.0

Number of GP-certified sick

  

leave days/ number of

  

contracted workdays

Survey questions

  

Female (%)

68.1

 

Age

43.2

 

Living in a single household (%)

39.5

 

Primary education only (%)

4.9

 

Education from a college/university (%)

51.8

 

Student (%)

10.3

 

Another job in addition to this one (%)

14.0

 

Immigrant (%)

27.2

Born outside Norway to

  

non-Norwegian parents

Norwegian-born to immigrant parents (%)

3.13

 

Child custody (%)

31.0

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to a cold (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.57 (1.37)

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to alcohol (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.37 (0.88)

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to lack of sleep (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.98 (1.10)

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to back pain (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

2.57 (1.24)

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to stress (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

2.42 (1.22)

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to bullying (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.10 (1.45)

 

Attitude towards sick leave due to pregnancy (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.29 (1.31)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to a cold (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.58 (1.18)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to alcohol (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.89 (1.13)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to lack of sleep (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

2.36 (1.08)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to back pain (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.08 (1.18)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to stress (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

2.94 (1.21)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to bullying (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.22 (1.32)

 

Norm regarding sick leave due to pregnancy (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

3.49 (1.16)

 

Work-family strain (1 = low–5 = high)

2.60 (1.31)

 

Family-work strain (1 = low–5 = high)

1.38 (0.74)

 

Stressed at work (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.12 (1.30)

 

Trouble unwinding (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

2.20 (1.26)

 

Enjoyable work tasks (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.19 (0.88)

 

Meaningful job (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.41 (0.90)

 

Inspiring job (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

2.97 (1.22)

 

Extrinsic motivation (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

2.64 (1.33)

 

Content with management (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.48 (1.30)

 

Enjoy colleagues (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.43 (0.70)

 

Not enough people at work (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.58 (1.27)

 

Having a job is important (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.28 (0.88)

 

Gender equal responsibility (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.60 (0.84)

 

Work is just for money (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

2.36 (1.30)

 

Homemaking is just as fulfilling (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

2.37 (1.29)

 

Work is a duty (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.15 (1.00)

 

Working mother also close with her children (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

4.19 (1.04)

 

People who do not work become lazy (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.51 (1.31)

 

Like taking chances (1 = not at all–5 = a lot)

3.04 (1.15)

 

Biking without helmet (1 = never–5 = always)

2.84 (1.57)

 

Like gambling (1 = not at all–5 = a lot)

2.14 (1.19)

 

Like competing (1 = not at all–5 = a lot)

3.04 (1.28)

 

Anxious (1 = never–5 = Always)

3.21 (1.04)

 

Receiving benefits, not looking for a job (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.37 (0.77)

 

Cheating on taxes (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.28 (0.67)

 

Black market services (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.73 (0.98)

 

Avoiding public transport fare (1 = wrong–5 = OK)

1.63 (1.00)

 

Too much tax (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.013 (1.44)

 

Many misuse social security benefits (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.57 (1.21)

 

Wage deduction of sick (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

1.69 (1.21)

 

Reduce living standard for environment (1 = disagree–5 = agree)

3.13 (1.34)

 

N

226

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