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Table 12 Effect of the AUH on labor intensity. Women and men (total hours worked)

From: Cash transfers and female labor force participation: the case of AUH in Argentina

 

Women (without Heckman)

All women

Married women

Single women

Men

Treat × After

− 0.0872**

− 0.0652***

− 0.0759**

− 0.0519

− 0.0155

(0.0345)

(0.0236)

(0.0317)

(0.0355)

(0.0540)

Individual and household characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Regional and time dummies

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Mills lambda

–

0.437

0.326

0.238

2.060

–

(1.230)

(1.107)

(0.703)

(5.026)

 Rho

–

0.694

0.519

0.378

1.000

 Sigma

–

0.630

0.629

0.630

2.060

 Lambda

–

0.437

0.326

0.238

2.060

Observations

28,102

65,722

50,349

15,373

58,243

 Censored

–

37,620

31,286

6334

12,882

 Not censored

–

28,102

19,063

9039

45,361

R 2

0.006

–

–

–

–

Wald chi2 (57)

–

116.58

90.59

80.12

7.54

  1. Source: Authors’ calculation based on EPH data. Note 1: Sample is restricted to employed individuals during the whole period (the age range is 20–60 for women and 20–65 for men). The dependent variable measures the change in the total hours worked per week normalized by the intertemporal average labor intensity of each woman/man. To apply a diff-in-diff specification, we include variables Treat (equals 1 for eligible women/men—with children in poor and informal households), After (equals 1 for the period 2010–2013), and the interaction between them (Treat × After). We also add other control variables: age, squared age, educational level, marital status, the activity sector in which she/he is employed, binary indicators of the head of household and of whether the individual is in charge of household chores, labor status of the spouse, per capita family income, family size, number of members by age and gender, region fixed effects, and time fixed effects (quarters). Clustered robust standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.10. Note 2: Two-step Heckman selection model is applied to correct the selection bias arising from labor participation equation (probability of being employed in all periods we observe each individual). The selection equation to obtain Heckman’s two-step consistent estimates includes the following control variables: age; squared age; educational level; marital status; binary indicators of the head of household, if she/he lives in poor, informal households with children, and of whether the individual (or her/his spouse) is in charge of household chores; region fixed effects; and time fixed effects (quarters)
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