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Table 8 A test of the IOS theory—dependent variable: TSL

From: Market and political power interactions in Greece: an empirical investigation

Variable

Definition

ROECD

GPS

ROECD

GPS

POPT25

Population age 25+ with tertiary education

−0.007635***

0.012050***

−0.000894

0.013495***

−8.738876

9.825228

−0.784281

9.546269

DEP_RATIO

Dependency ratio

−0.002177***

−0.006533***

−0.003302***

−0.006046***

−3.775028

−4.762078

−5.794885

−4.688952

URBAN_POP

Urban population

0.021846***

−0.003944*

0.021463***

−0.001165

37.18969

−1.754419

32.32905

−0.452738

YGAP

Output gap

−0.330004***

−0.515270***

−0.266744***

−0.535301***

−6.176525

−8.926122

−4.568967

−11.16596

TENSYS

Years of democracy

−0.004111***

0.009931***

−0.009989***

0.007973***

−6.193623

6.052335

−14.48103

4.764618

PRTYIN

Years a party is in office

−0.001890***

0.000403

−0.001415***

0.000599

−10.54719

1.105937

−7.041950

1.587920

MAJ

Fraction of seats held by government

0.001660

−0.052019

0.012377

−0.036235

0.112679

−1.226267

0.747268

−0.871550

UM

Union membership

−0.007102***

−0.009379***

−0.006815***

−0.008235***

−18.12682

−12.64936

−16.80220

−9.794655

UD_RATIO

Public to private sector union density ratio

−0.023443***

−0.283258***

−0.023127***

−0.212901***

−8.851157

−2.792456

−7.761181

−2.854252

COORD

Wage setting coordination index

0.013865

−0.025195***

0.013614***

−0.025736***

8.238375

−10.41000

7.182157

−10.77292

ETCR

Regulation index in energy, transportation, and communication

−0.015952***

0.072124***

−0.034958***

0.071361***

−3.724772

15.34342

−8.670203

17.42026

VEF

VAT efficiency index

−0.175460***

−0.079611***

−0.114566***

−0.081259***

−10.46235

−3.394369

−6.660233

−3.560441

B_Y

Debt to GDP ratio

−0.000776***

−0.000148

  

−8.705856

−0.748292

  

TAX_Y

Tax revenues to GDP ratio

  

0.694478***

0.262306*

  

7.507842

1.828174

Adjusted R2

 

0.942483

0.929550

0.944211

0.929720

No. of obs.

 

390

69

396

69

  1. t statistics in italics
  2. ***, **, and * denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10% level, respectively