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Table 13 Arrival cost of labor inspectors and enforcement of labor regulations

From: Enforcement of labor market regulations: heterogeneous compliance and adjustment across gender

Dependent variable

Log(enforcement measure)

Men

Women

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Log(arrival cost)*shr04

−0.867

−0.515

−0.672

−0.453

−0.974

[0.269]***

[0.167]***

[0.313]**

[0.180]**

[0.244]***

Individual characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Political business cycle variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Quality of institutions variable

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Development level variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Demand shocks variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Province fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Sector fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Province-time trends

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

F statistic

10.40

9.46

9.20

12.62

16.00

p value of underid. test

0.0012

0.0020

0.0158

0.0059

0.0001

Observations

148,166

148,166

83,906

83,906

83,906

R 2

0.697

0.695

0.733

0.737

0.708

  1. Source: Own elaboration. Notes: OLS estimations. Columns 1 and 3 show the first stage when testing for relocation decisions of firms. Columns 2 and 4 show the first stage when changing the definition of the instrument. Column 5 shows the first stage when re-weighting the sample of women. Standard errors clustered at the province-sector level in brackets
  2. Significant at ***1%, **5%, and *10%