Skip to main content

Table 3 Enforcement of labor regulations and compliance with mandated benefits

From: Enforcement of labor market regulations: heterogeneous compliance and adjustment across gender

Dependent variable

=1 if wage employee receives

Social security benefits

Employment benefits

IV

OLS

IV

OLS

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Men

 Log(enforcement measure)

0.103

0.0103

0.0649

0.00578

[0.0343]***

[0.00968]

[0.0254]**

[0.00707]

 Observations

148,166

148,166

148,166

148,166

 R2

0.277

0.286

0.164

0.168

Women

 Log(enforcement measure)

−0.167

−0.00486

−0.138

0.00528

[0.0963]*

[0.0131]

[0.0784]*

[0.0108]

 Observations

83,906

83,906

83,906

83,906

 R2

0.218

0.253

0.210

0.233

Included controls

 Individual characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Political business cycle variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Quality of institutions variable

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Development level variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Demand shocks variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Province fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Sector fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Year fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Province-time trends

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. Source: Own elaboration. Notes: OLS and IV estimations. Standard errors clustered at the province-sector level in brackets. Control variables defined as in Table 2
  2. Significant at ***1%, **5%, and *10%