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Table 8 Relocation decisions of firms

From: Enforcement of labor market regulations: heterogeneous compliance and adjustment across gender

Dependent variable

=1 if social sec. benefits

=1 if emp. benefits

Log of hourly formal wages

Log of hourly informal wages

=1 if worker is

Wage employee

Formal wage employee

Informal wage employee

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Men

 Log(enforcement measure)

0.103

0.0649

0.0465

−0.0388

0.0470

0.0647

0.0488

[0.0342]***

[0.0254]**

[0.0211]**

[0.0466]

[0.0242]*

[0.0313]**

[0.0271]*

 Observations

148,166

148,166

91,231

56,935

202,277

143,956

109,831

 R2

0.277

0.164

0.302

0.229

0.457

0.725

0.423

Women

 Log(enforcement measure)

−0.165

−0.138

−0.0841

−0.256

0.0384

−0.0310

0.178

[0.0950]*

[0.0778]*

[0.0870]

[0.122]**

[0.0260]

[0.0396]

[0.0756]**

 Observations

83,906

83,906

59,919

23,987

109,461

84,702

48,832

 R2

0.224

0.212

0.337

0.217

0.470

0.693

0.434

Included controls

 Individual characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Political business cycle variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Quality of institutions variable

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Development level variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Demand shocks variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Oil prices

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Province fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Sector fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Year fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Province-time trends

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. Source: Own elaboration. Notes: IV estimations. Omitted category in columns 7–9: self-employment. Standard errors clustered at the province-sector level in brackets. Control variables defined as in Table 2
  2. Significant at ***1%, **5%, and *10%