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Table 12 Minimum wage violations and the Kaitz index (minimum/median wage) using INPS data

From: The dog that barks doesn’t bite: coverage and compliance of sectoral minimum wages in Italy

 

% of workers underpaid (v0)

Depth of violation (v1)

Average shortfall per underpaid worker (v1/v0)

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Kaitz index

0.41***

0.41***

0.09***

0.07***

0.10***

0.12***

 

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.00)

(0.00)

(0.01)

(0.03)

Workforce characteristics

x

x

x

x

x

x

Region dummies

 

x

 

x

 

x

Firm size dummies

 

x

 

x

 

x

Time dummies

 

x

 

x

 

x

Firm size*region dummies

 

x

 

x

 

x

Region*time dummies

 

x

 

x

 

x

Firm size*time dummies

 

x

 

x

 

x

R-squared

0.39

0.82

0.37

0.76

0.03

0.52

Observations

7234

7234

7234

7234

7234

7234

  1. Source: Author’s calculation on INPS and ISTAT negotiated wages database. Workforce characteristics: gender, age (3 categories) and occupation (4 categories)
  2. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
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