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Table 9 Violation of sectoral minimum wages using SES and INPS

From: The dog that barks doesn’t bite: coverage and compliance of sectoral minimum wages in Italy

Year

% of workers underpaid (v0)

Depth of violation (v1)

Average shortfall per underpaid worker (v1/v0)

SES (hourly)

 2010

7.76

1.43

18.43

INPS (yearly)

 2008

2.61

0.37

14.32

 2009

2.46

0.35

14.35

 2010

2.67

0.38

14.10

 2011

2.54

0.36

14.24

 2012

2.55

0.38

14.91

 2013

2.67

0.40

15.11

 2014

2.70

0.40

14.96

  1. Source: Author’s calculation on ISTAT negotiated wages database, Structure of Earnings Survey and LoSai data