Skip to main content

Table 13 Robustness check for impact of receiving SSS payouts on probability of working full-time after age 70

From: The effect of non-contributory pensions on labour supply and private income transfers: evidence from Singapore

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

VARIABLES

No leads

Balanced

Ethnic trends

Flat-type trends

Age FE

WIS/ GST

Abadie

1-1 matching

Received SS × Jan

–

−3.459

−2.346

− 2.617

− 2.218

− 1.444

− 2.019

–

–

(3.513)

(0)

(3.267)

(3.320)

(3.955)

(2.536)

–

Received SS × Feb

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Received SS × Mar

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Received SS × Jan–Mar

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

−2.182

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

p = 0.469

Received SS × announce-to-pay

−0.766

−2.697

−2.215

− 2.352

−2.070

− 0.0366

− 0.549

1.425

(2.294)

(3.378)

(0)

(3.160)

(3.213)

(3.840)

(2.518)

p = 0.612

Received SS × post-pay

−2.981

−5.189*

− 4.368

−4.498

−4.365

− 4.763

−3.308

−1.559

(2.179)

(3.137)

(0)

(2.952)

(2.978)

(3.417)

(2.389)

p = 0.612

Observations

3536

3089

3536

3536

3536

2401

771

159

R-squared

0.637

0.618

0.640

0.640

0.638

0.639

–

–

  1. Notes:
  2. 1Standard errors clustered at the household level in parentheses. ***, **, and * represent statistical significance at the 1, 5, and 10% level of significance respectively
  3. 2All values are reported at the individual level, based on data collected every quarter
  4. 3Columns (1)–(8) show results from additional robustness checks carried out. These checks are: (1) removal of the lead terms; (2) restricting the sample to a “balanced” panel, where each individual has at least one observation in the pre-announcement, announcement-to-disbursement, and post-disbursement periods; (3) allowing for ethnicity-specific time fixed effects; (4) allowing for flat-type-specific time fixed effects; (5) adding age fixed effects as a control; (6) adding receipt of additional welfare payments (Workfare Income Supplement; GST Vouchers) as a control—sample is smaller because this data is not collected every wave and not everyone responds every wave; (7) reweighting each observation by their propensity of receiving SSS as in Abadie (2005); and (8) DiD matching with a 1-1 nearest neighbour match. Eq. (1) describes the baseline model used in these checks
  5. 4For columns (1)–(6), the sample is restricted to respondents who are age-eligible for SSS (i.e. aged 65 and above in 2016), Singapore citizens, live in public housing flats, and with a propensity score of 0.2–0.8. The number of observations in these columns refers to the number of individual-month observations. For columns (7) and (8), the number of observations refers to number of respondents, and the sample is not restricted by the propensity score. The sample, however, is smaller than the full sample due to data availability issues specific to the estimation of (7) and (8)
Back to article page