The effect of non-contributory pensions on labour supply and private income transfers: evidence from Singapore

Table 24 Robustness check for expenditure—accounting for spousal receipt of SSS payout

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
VARIABLES	Total	Durables	Durables subset	Non-durables	Food	Tobacco	Clothes /Personal care	Health	Leisure
Only respondent rcv SS × announce-to-pay	92.26	55.18	52.95*	42.10	28.21	−0.179	11.97**	−41.57	2.280
Only respondent rcv SS × announce-to-pay	(111.4)	(36.26)	(28.77)	(99.58)	(17.82)	(1.571)	(6.029)	(32.98)	(35.27)
Only spouse rcv SS × announce-to-pay	59.87	16.91	30.76	43.15	93.77**	2.012	17.26**	−110.8	−12.89
Only spouse rcv SS × announce-to-pay	(158.8)	(39.96)	(32.10)	(147.8)	(36.81)	(1.830)	(8.396)	(74.20)	(57.23)
Both rcv SS × announce-to-pay	109.7	74.87*	69.29**	35.36	50.94**	0.555	11.59	−50.59	5.009
Both rcv SS × announce-to-pay	(120.5)	(42.66)	(34.81)	(104.1)	(23.56)	(2.411)	(8.342)	(40.32)	(41.74)
Only respondent rcv SS × post-pay	142.8	49.53	37.80	93.15	1.027	−0.0568	8.244	22.33	1.177
Only respondent rcv SS × post-pay	(106.6)	(35.72)	(29.82)	(90.86)	(17.90)	(1.988)	(6.511)	(23.27)	(30.08)
Only spouse rcv SS × post-pay	186.1	17.24	14.25	168.8	42.57	2.795	15.85*	−85.69	116.5
Only spouse rcv SS × post-pay	(156.7)	(46.57)	(40.09)	(141.3)	(35.32)	(2.282)	(9.249)	(52.43)	(74.40)
Both rcv SS × post-pay	105.5	61.79	51.00	43.39	10.08	0.288	3.690	−28.27	35.09
Both rcv SS × post-pay	(117.3)	(42.79)	(38.08)	(101.4)	(26.01)	(2.897)	(8.202)	(32.23)	(38.70)
Observations	15,569	15,617	15,617	15,569	15,617	15,507	15,513	15,617	15,617
R-squared	0.383	0.128	0.124	0.438	0.729	0.858	0.381	0.198	0.181

Notes:
¹Standard errors clustered at the household level in parentheses. ***, **, and * represent statistical significance at the 1, 5, and 10% level of significance respectively
²Dependent variables are shown at the top of each column. All expenditure values are reported at the couple (respondent and spouse if respondent is married) and monthly level. Total expenditure excludes cash gifts. Durables include furniture/furnishings, household appliances, home and vehicle repair/maintenance. Durables subset includes only furniture/furnishings and household appliances. Non-durables are based on the difference between total expenditure and durables. The sub-categories of non-durables captured in columns (5)–(9) are not exhaustive
³Results are estimates of coefficients in Eq. (4). In the interest of space, we do not show the coefficients from the placebo leads. The sample is restricted to respondents who are age-eligible for SSS (i.e. aged 65 and above in 2016), Singapore citizens, live in public housing flats, and with a propensity score of 0.2–0.8