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Table 2 Average share of employees of firms earning the minimum wage (%)

From: How do firms adjust to rises in the minimum wage? Survey evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

Countries

BG

EE

HU

LT

LV

PL

RO

SI

SK

CEE9

WDN aggregate‡

20.3

4.8

31.5

15.3

15.5

11.8

24.3

8.0

11.8

17.8

National statistics (2013)†

8.6

5.8

17.8

10.5

16.7

13.8

5.0

7.1

7.0

–

Sectors

 Manufacturing

27.8

4.2

34.5

16.2

16.0

10.7

24.0

4.7

10.0

19.0

 Electricity, gas, water

–

2.6

–

–

–

1.4

–

2.4

3.7

1.9

 Construction

18.4

5.9

28.5

15.3

10.6

18.6

34.7

15.3

10.5

20.5

 Trade

18.9

3.5

30.9

16.6

14.6

12.0

22.4

4.6

13.1

17.7

 Business services

18.3

5.8

28.6

14.2

19.1

14.4

21.4

15.6

16.8

18.2

 Financial services

–

–

23.7

4.5

2.0

–

–

1.1

1.4

7.8

 Arts and entertainment

12.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12.5

Number of employees

 < 20

23.9

8.8

29.6

29.7

24.7

30.6

–

12.0

14.9

25.4

 20–49

25.2

5.7

30.4

17.9

23.1

16.7

36.5

7.9

11.8

23.8

 50–199

12.5

3.2

32.7

11.9

13.2

9.3

32.7

8.9

9.6

17.2

 > 199

23.8

1.5

32.2

5.0

9.7

5.8

15.2

5.5

10.7

13.1

Workforce type

 LS BC††

23.6

5.4

41.3

21.1

31.9

13.4

43.6

20.4

19.0

23.0

 HS BC

16.2

4.6

27.4

14.7

14.1

10.9

24.1

4.8

13.5

17.7

 LS WC

25.7

3.1

29.8

11.4

16.5

15.9

24.5

8.2

10.8

17.8

 HS WC

13.0

2.5

18.4

12.2

4.7

5.1

7.8

2.3

3.2

8.0

Ownership

 Mainly domestic

20.3

6.0

32.7

18.0

16.2

14.9

30.1

9.2

10.7

20.2

 Mainly foreign

55.6*

1.9

26.1

3.8

9.6

3.9

12.9

4.1

14.8

10.7

Exporting status

 Exporting

29.6

4.0

31.6

13.7

13.4

9.3

21.3

–

13.4

16.4

 Non-exporting

18.7

6.8

31.4

18.7

19.0

14.8

28.3

–

10.0

19.9

  1. ‡WDN aggregate refers to the time before the corresponding rise in the minimum wage rate. See Table 7 in Appendix for the exact reference period
  2. †Source of national statistics on the share earning the minimum wage in 2013: BG National statistical institute; EE LFS, Statistics Estonia; SK Finance Ministry; LT Statistics Lithuania (only full-time employees); LV LFS, Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia; HU LFS, Hungarian Central Statistical Office; RO National Institute for Statistics, estimates for October 2012; SI Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia for the number of all employees and Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Public Legal Records and Related Services for the number receiving the minimum wage
  3. ††High/low-skilled white/blue-collar workers, based on the ISCO-08 classification of the ILO
  4. *This result is driven by one large manufacturing firm with foreign ownership. If it is excluded, the average share is 7.70
  5. Sources: WDN3 survey, authors’ estimations, employment adjusted estimates
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